While large underground gardens may require the use of a rotary tiller, raised beds are rarely more than 4x8 feet. Using a rotary tiller in such a small space is awkward and can damage the sides of the garden bed. Instead, till the garden by hand, use a shovel or fork to mix fresh compost and amendment into the existing soil. Gardens are planted in the spring, and an alternative non-digging method can be used in the fall.
Refill soil in spring
1. Before handling compost or soil, put on shoes or boots, long pants, long sleeves, gloves, goggles, and a dust mask.
2. Remove dead vegetation from the raised bed, scooping it out as needed.
3. Add 2 inches of well-composted compost and rake it evenly over the soil.
4. Turn the soil over with a shovel or fork and mix the soil and compost to a depth of 6 to 8 inches.
5. Spread the slow-release fertilizer evenly over the soil at a rate of 1 1/2 tablespoons per square foot. Rake fertilizer into the soil and water thoroughly before adding seeds or transplants to the garden bed.
Autumn free digging method
1. Wear safety gear before digging and using compost in the garden.
2. Alternate 1- to 2-inch layers of manure, green compost, and brown compost over the soil, raking each layer level before adding the next. Completely fill up the raised bed.
3. Spray the soil and compost ingredients with water to moisten the entire compost.
4. Cover raised beds with clear plastic sheeting, or a tarp if heavy rain is expected. Weigh the plastic with a brick or stone.
5. Let the compost layer break down over the winter. Sprinkle water from time to time to keep the decomposed ingredients moist.
6. Remove any plastic sheets or tarps from raised beds in the spring, rake the compost flat, and plant your garden.
